As we know that, India’s ongoing battle with air pollution is intensifying, and 2024 has seen a surge in cities with alarmingly high levels of air pollution. These cities, scattered across various states, are facing air quality challenges that directly impact public health, the environment, and everyday life. So, In this post I have listed India's most polluted cities in 2024 and explore the factors contributing to these concerning levels.
Why Air Quality Matters
Air pollution isn't just an environmental issue; it's a pressing health crisis. Poor air quality, particularly high levels of PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants, can lead to severe respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and even early death. Children, elderly people, and those with pre-existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable. In India, factors like industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, crop burning, and rapid urbanization have created toxic air environments in some cities, making it crucial to monitor and understand these pollution levels.
1. Delhi, New Delhi
- AQI Level: 418 (Severe)
- Primary Pollutants: PM2.5, PM10
Delhi consistently ranks as one of the world’s most polluted cities. The city’s dense population, heavy vehicle traffic, and nearby crop burning contribute heavily to its poor air quality. The post-Diwali season in particular sees a spike in smog and particulate matter, making the air hazardous to breathe.
2. Hajipur, Bihar
- AQI Level: 417 (Severe)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Hajipur in Bihar is a rising hotspot for pollution, primarily due to industrial activities and high vehicle emissions. With limited green cover and rapid development, the city struggles to maintain clean air, with PM2.5 levels regularly crossing safe limits.
3. Bhiwani, Haryana
- AQI Level: 375 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Bhiwani has seen significant air quality deterioration, driven by vehicular pollution, construction dust, and industrial emissions. Its location near major industrial zones has further contributed to its elevated pollution levels, affecting the health of its residents.
4. Chandigarh, Union Territory
- AQI Level: 372 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Though Chandigarh is known for its greenery and organized layout, it has not been spared from air pollution. Construction activities, coupled with emissions from vehicles and nearby industries, have escalated pollution levels, making it one of the more polluted cities in northern India.
5. Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
- AQI Level: 350 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Ghaziabad, part of the National Capital Region (NCR), faces pollution issues similar to Delhi. Heavy traffic, construction dust, and industrial pollution have severely impacted air quality. The city frequently experiences “very poor” AQI readings, especially during the winter months.
6. Bhiwadi, Rajasthan
- AQI Level: 350 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Bhiwadi, an industrial city, is another hotspot of pollution in Rajasthan. Industrial emissions and poor regulatory measures have led to high PM2.5 levels, making it a challenging environment for its inhabitants. The city’s air quality regularly dips to unhealthy levels, posing risks to public health.
7. Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
- AQI Level: 364 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM10
Greater Noida is another NCR city grappling with pollution. High vehicle usage, along with construction and industrial activities, has made air quality monitoring critical. The AQI levels are often categorized as “very poor,” especially during peak traffic hours and colder months.
8. Baddi, Himachal Pradesh
- AQI Level: 344 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Baddi, a prominent industrial town in Himachal Pradesh, faces severe pollution due to emissions from factories and chemical industries. The hilly terrain traps pollutants, further exacerbating the air quality crisis in the area, affecting both locals and visitors.
9. Sonipat, Haryana
- AQI Level: 338 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Sonipat’s proximity to the NCR has led to its inclusion among the most polluted cities in India. Heavy traffic and ongoing urbanization, coupled with the neighboring crop-burning activities, contribute to its high AQI levels, endangering the health of its residents.
10. Purnia, Bihar
- AQI Level: 331 (Very Poor)
- Primary Pollutant: PM2.5
Purnia has also seen rising pollution levels due to industrial development and limited green cover. The lack of stringent pollution control measures has caused its air quality to decline, putting its citizens at risk for various health issues.
Addressing the Pollution Crisis
The data speaks for itself—India is grappling with a serious air quality crisis. While monitoring and reporting are essential, meaningful action is needed to mitigate pollution. Some steps that could help include:
- Stricter Emission Controls: Regulating emissions from vehicles and industries can significantly reduce pollutants.
- Increased Green Cover: Planting more trees and developing green belts around cities can help absorb harmful pollutants.
- Crop-Burning Alternatives: Farmers need access to cost-effective alternatives to crop burning, which could help reduce post-harvest air pollution.
- Public Awareness: Educating people about the health impacts of pollution can encourage them to adopt eco-friendly practices.
My Final Opinion
The cities listed above showcase the gravity of India’s air pollution crisis in 2024. While each city has unique challenges, a coordinated national effort is essential to improve air quality and protect public health. By prioritizing environmental policies and sustainable practices, India can work toward cleaner air and healthier communities for future generations.